Free Trade With China :: essays research papers

China will continue its efforts to enter into the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinese Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi said in Beijing on April 21 during her talks with Renato Ruggiero, director-general of WTO. Wu said that although China hopes to solve this problem as soon as possible, it is prepared for new difficulties and obstacles it will face in the entry process. No matter what the outcome, she said, China will not stop but rather speed up its reform and opening drive. She noted that China's position on entering WTO is firm and clear, and China's entry will be not only beneficial to China but also to all members of WTO and the development of the world economy. Wu said that China asked to join the multi-national trade system 11 years ago because the country realized at that time that the objectives of the reform and opening are to gradually change from the planned economy to a socialist market economy. China's participation in the WTO shares the aims of reform and opening, as well as those of the socialist market economy, which was advocated by the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. Wu said she is satisfied with the progress made in the recent third meeting of the Chinese working group, saying it indicates that as long as the parties concerned have a sincere desire to solve the problem, and bring that sincerity to the negotiation table, the discussions will move forward. The major negotiation parties should work harder to be flexible and down to earth, in order to make the most of the current opportunity, she said, adding that China's efforts alone are not enough. Wu said that major members of WTO should not take China's development potential as reality and therefore make an unrealistic evaluation of the situation. China firmly opposes economic hegemonism and hopes that major negotiating parties will raise their requirement on a legal basis and within the mechanism and scope of WTO agreements, she noted. In the meantime, she continued, they should also take into consideration China's economic status as a developing country and its social and economic situation.

Communication & professional relationships with children, young people and adults Essay

Being able to build positive relationships with others helps children and young people to gain the most from being in school and is important to ensure the communication of information between children and the adults responsible for them. We are more likely to build a positive relationship with someone when we can communicate effectively with them. Effective communication is a way of setting boundaries so everyone knows what is expected of them. Most disagreements and conflicts are caused by a breakdown in communication. Children learn how to build relationships with others by watching and copying the relationships between the adults around them. It is, therefore, important to show effective communication skills when dealing with others and take care with what we say and the way we act when in stressful situations. Children can become confused if we ask them to behave one way and then show them contradictory behaviour which can make it harder for them to understand rules and boundaries. 1. 2 It is important to communicate in a way that relates to the age and interests of the child, young person or adult. If others are comfortable with us we are more likely to communicate effectively. The main principles of relationship building are: Showing respect – it is important to listen carefully to others’ point of view and show you are paying attention to them when they are speaking Being considerate – consider circumstances which may cause stress or upset and affect behaviour at any given time Taking time to listen – show interest in what is being said and respond appropriately, offering advice if requested Being clear – make sure any information or instructions are clear and understood, and made in a way suitable for age / ability / circumstances 1. 3 It can be necessary to adapt your communication style depending on the situation. Professionally a more formal style may be required for meetings with colleagues and parents or other adults involved with the school. Cultural differences can also affect communication. Certain behaviours such as eye contact or physical contact, e. g. shaking hands, can be forbidden. Certain gestures or body language may be offensive in some cultures and it is important to be aware of these issues when communicating with people from these cultures. 2. 1 If children do not feel their contribution to a conversation is valued they are less likely to initiate further communication. To help them have this confidence you need to: Give them opportunity to speak and express their own opinions Make eye contact and show you are actively listening and paying attention. If you are looking away or doing something else at the same time children will feel you are not interested in what they are saying Make sure you are approachable. This can best be done by getting down to the child’s level, if they need to look up to speak to you they are more likely to feel uncomfortable. Smiling and reacting positively to what they are saying also helps improve their confidence in you and in their communication skills Maintain the conversation by reacting and questioning. This teaches children the ‘rules’ of communication and helps them to develop an understanding of how to communicate effectively 2. 2a Children of different ages will need different levels of attention and encouragement with communication. Younger children may lack confidence and need more reassurance, both vocal and physical, to be sure of their ability to communicate one to one or in group situations. It is important to match your language to the age of the child you are communicating with. If the words used are too difficult or unknown to the child they will have difficulty understanding and participating in the conversation. Too simplistic, in either words or delivery, and the child / young person may feel patronised and annoyed by your attempts to communicate and is much less likely to respond positively. 2. 2b Different situations will require different styles of communication. When supporting children in a classroom situation it is important to keep them focused on the lesson. Communication needs to be firm and clear so everyone is sure of what is happening and what is expected of them. In a less formal situation such as the playground it is better to be more relaxed with the children. This can help to build their confidence in their own communication skills but it is, however, still important to maintain a clearly professional relationship with them. 2. 2c Children with communication difficulties, such as speech, language or communication impairment, emotional or cognitive difficulties will need more time and reassurance to ensure they do not feel pressured when speaking. It is important to allow them to speak for themselves in order to build their confidence as well as their ability to communicate clearly. Where there are language or cultural differences it may be necessary to allow extra time for longer explanations of questions / instructions. Visual cues can be helpful and in some cases it may be necessary to use a translator. 2. 3 When communicating with children the main points discussed above, maintaining eye contact, responding to what they say etc. , are the same as when communicating with adults. However, it is also important to ensure the relationship is always formal and the child understands you are their carer in the school setting. When communicating with children it is also important to be very clear in what is said and what is meant. Children need to know exactly what is expected of them so they can continue to learn from us. The vocabulary used needs to be appropriate for the children involved. Although younger children may want hugs or to hold hands it is not really appropriate and physical contact with children of any age should never be initiated by the adult. 2. 4 When communicating with other adults you need to be aware of individual needs which may make effective communication difficult. Adults with physical impairments such as hearing difficulties may need you to speak more slowly and clearly to accommodate lip reading. It may be necessary to pass on messages orally to parents who have difficulty reading written letters. When communicating face to face you should try to adapt the language you use to reflect the language used by the other person. Formal meetings will need more formal language than an informal chat. 2. 5 Most disagreements are caused by lack of communication or miscommunication with others. The longer a disagreement goes on the harder it will be to resolve, so you should try to work out the problem as quickly as possible. Where a problem has occurred due to a lack of communication the best way to deal with it is to discuss it with the person involved as soon as possible to try to work out a way forward. It is important not to ignore the problem as this can cause more problems in the future. Another common cause of disagreements is a difference in opinion and expectations. It is important to be clear about what you expect from a situation from the start so there is no confusion. If parents have a different opinion from school in a situation it is important to explain clearly what happens in school and why it has to happen that way. Lack of confidence or pressure from outside situations can also affect the way people communicate which in turn can lead to disagreements. In this situation you need to show sensitivity and understanding in order to resolve the problem and prevent it from escalating. It is never acceptable to get into a disagreement with a child; you should be able to manage the situation using the school’s procedures for negative behaviour. You need to explain to the child why you are disagreeing with them and once you have done this you need to follow the sanctions that are in place within the classroom and school as a whole. By descending into an argument with a child you are giving them a negative model to follow instead of teaching them how to resolve disagreements in a socially acceptable manner. 3. 1 Data Protection Act 1998 – any organisation which holds information on individuals needs to be registered with the Data Protection Commission. Information held must be: Processed fairly and lawfully Only used for the purpose for which it was gathered Adequate, relevant and not excessive Accurate and kept up to date where necessary Kept for no longer than necessary Processed in line with the individual’s rights Kept secure Not transferred outside the European Union without adequate protection 2003 Green Paper Every Child Matters leading to the Children’s Act 2004 – this was put into place to stress the importance of more integrated services and better sharing of information between professionals dealing with children & young people. 3. 2 When building relationships with children, young people and adults it is important to reassure them that any information they may give you will be kept confidential. This will give them the confidence to know they can speak to you if there is a problem. Knowing you will not pass information on unless you have to will build trust between you and the child / adult. Breaking this trust would be detrimental to the relationship which can lead to a reluctance to share important information. 3. 3 If you are given information which leads you to suspect a child may be at risk of abuse or in some other danger it is important to pass the information on to the appropriate person within the school. You should make it clear to the person giving you the information that you are unable to keep it confidential but also that you will only pass it on to certain people and it will not be a subject of gossip within the school.

Essay about The Irony in Hamlet by William Shakespeare

The Irony in Hamlet In the book Hamlet by Shakespeare, irony is used numerous times in order to give the reader insight on what is going on. As stated in the Merriam-Webster dictionary, irony is an action that is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play. If this strategy were not included in this drama, it would take away the whole purpose. This play would consist of no suspense and would be extremely boring to the reader because the characters would know as much as the readers know. This allows for incite to what can happen in the future or what has happened in the past. The irony in this play ultimately revolves around Hamlet and his plan to achieve revenge with Claudius. From the play that Hamlet organizes†¦show more content†¦Either is foreshadowing or its flashbacking. In this case, it’s both. Hamlet and the reader only know how the murder actually transpired; the audience, at first anyways, believed that this play was just a normal play. The play is retelling how his father actually was killed but at the same time informing Claudius that Hamlet knows the truth about what really happened. At his point, the reader is waiting with Hamlet to watch Claudius’ reaction. This creates a large amount of suspense. Once Claudius realized what the drama was portraying he stormed up and left the room. This plan is a significance roll because it provides Hamlet with proof of the ghost was telling the truth or not. â€Å"What, frighted with false fire?† Hamlet asks Claudius in act 3: scene 2. It’s ironic because Hamlet and the reader know exactly why Claudius is acting like this but must play ignorant and continue to seem mad. Throughout the whole novel this reoccurring theme of revenge continuously appears. Everyone wants to get revenge. Aside from that Fortinbras is plotting a movement. It’s very ironic that the reader knows that Fortinbras and his army is not attacking Polack, but invading Denmark to get back the land that was taken when King Hamlet was in power. He is the type of character who is trying to get something and he feels like it is rightly deserved for him. Claudius, thinking that Fortinbras was just passing through, allowedShow MoreRelated Use of Irony in A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet Essay706 Words   |  3 Pages In both A Streetcar Named Desire and Hamlet, Tennessee Williams and William Shakespeare, respectively, demonstrate their abilities to create engaging plays which work on several levels in order to produce the desired effect. One of the most important characteristics of these plays is the playwrights success in using their words to create the worlds surrounding their works. Both Shakespeare and Williams effectively use irony in the aforementioned plays, both in the plot Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream, Macbeth, And Hamlet1157 Words   |  5 PagesBiography The great English writer, William Shakespeare, was born around April of 1564 in Stratford, England. He was the son of John and Mary Shakespeare and had two older sisters and three younger brothers. He later married Anne Hathaway in 1582 and had three children, two being twin girls. By 1597, Hamlet had begun to establish himself, and 15 out of the 37 plays he wrote were published. From then on, Shakespeare’s works continued to be published. Shakespeare is now said to be a famous English poetRead MoreUse of Soliloquies in Hamlet Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesthe play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of soliloquies allows the audience to know what the characters are feeling and what their pure motives are. They are also able to hear the characters’ thoughts directly. 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My uncle?† The serpent that did sting thy father’s life Now wears his crown.† The beginning of the â€Å"call to adventure -JRead MorePresentation of Hamlet in Act 2 Scene 2 and 3 in William Shakespeares Hamlet663 Words   |  3 PagesPresentation of Hamlet in Act 2 Scene 2 and 3 in William Shakespeares Hamlet It is hard to determine the intentions of William Shakespeare when he wrote Hamlet without looking at the social, historical and ethical context in which it was conceived. From the cover notes found within the Longman Literature edition, we can deduce that it is Shakespeares most well known play and, written during the year 1602, it was one of his later works. At this time, revenge was aRead More Disease and Death in Hamlet Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesDisease and Death in Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚   In Shakespeares time, Denmark was a horrible, rotting, poisoned land due to its hidden deceit. In Hamlet, Shakespeare makes many references to this as a means of clarifying relationships in the story. Writers often use imagery to provide detail and development, which help us understand ideas within and the atmosphere of the play. Hamlet, Horatio, and the ghost are the characters who allude to Denmarks state of decay. Shakespeares frequent referencesRead MoreClaudiuss Response To The Claubethan Audience801 Words   |  4 Pagesof all backgrounds. Words have an undeniable ability to sway a crowd’s emotions and truly affect them. William Shakespeare, one of the most revered writers of all time, had such skills. His plays are timeless pieces of art considered the foundations of the English literature. Shakespeare’s most dramatic and infamous tragedy, Hamlet, has earned its place as a cornerstone. In the play, Shakespeare poetically writes speeches that show the tr ue colours of the characters, whether good or devious. The mainRead MoreDeception And Deception In Hamlet1681 Words   |  7 Pagesattempting to deceive another person, the characters must be able to understand the consequences one may face when manipulating another through deceit. Two plays that strongly showcase Shakespeare’s lies and manipulation are Much Ado About Nothing and Hamlet. In both, one can see how the characters create plans to spy and lie to one another to either â€Å"promote happiness† or â€Å"harm† the other (Shmoop Editorial Team). Within both these conclusions, one can see that there are essentially three major forms

Management of risks to prevent huge losses - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1419 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In every business there is always risk and if the risk is not well managed by the company, it will lead to the huge losses and eventually will make the company bankrupt. Hence, the tool to manage the risk is introduced called derivatives. There are many types of derivatives and the most commonly use are options, futures and forwards. However, there are many cases of company incurred huge losses because of the derivatives. One of the popular cases on derivatives debacles is the bankruptcy of the Barings Bank in 1995. This is one of the popular cases since it is involve the oldest bank in London and the fall is cause by the action of only one employee base at the small office in Singapore. Barings Bank had suffered a loss of 827 million ($1.3 billion) plus the collapse cost which is 100 millions. The person who was responsible for the fall of Barings Bank is Nick Leeson. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Management of risks to prevent huge losses" essay for you Create order Barings bank was founded by Francis Barings and his silent partner, John which is his older brother at 1762. Barings bank had financed the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, the Erie Canal and also helped the British government battle against Napoleon in finance aspect. In the battle of British and Napoleon, the bank gave loan and raise money to pay the armies, and buy the equipment for the battle. In 1992, the Barings have decided to send one of their employees to Asian to do the derivatives trading. Since derivatives are something new at that time, not many people know how to deal with it. So, the Baring chose one of their employees named Nick Lesson who had performed well in his job in Jakarta. Nick Lesson was sent to Singapore in 1993 as the general manager of Barings Futures (Singapore) and his job is to run the banks Singapore International Monetary Exchange (SIMEX) activities. Besides, he also had to manage the back-office which actually should be managed by different people. At the beginning of his job as a trader, he had done the arbitraging which is take advantages at the difference of equivalent underlying assets price between two exchanges- buy at the lower price and sell at the higher price. He took positions in Nikkei 225 and Japanese Government Bonds (JGB) as well as options on Nikkei. One year of his work as a general manager in Singapore, he gave the profit of 10 million to the Barings. This had made the trust of the Barings to become stronger than before. However, what Nick Leeson showed to the top management of Barings Bank is the profit only and he hid the loss he had incurred in the secret account. The 88888 account have been made by Leeson in order to cover the loss that have incurred. At first, this account is use to hide the 20, 000 loss made by one of his staff. But, this account later is use for him because in the year 1994 he is not lucky. The largest part of his losses is on the Nikkei 225 that he bought. By December 1994, the 88888 account have made a total loss of 200million but, he reported to the British tax authorities that he gain 102 million. Although, Leeson had stressed because of the loss, he still bets that the Nikkei index would rise and not fall below 19, 000. So, on 16th January, in the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) and SIMEX, he had placed a short straddle. However, his expectation that suppose to gift profit had turned to be a nightmare when Kobe, Japan got attack by an earthquake on 17th January 1995. Because of the 7.2 Ritcher scale of earthquake in Kobe, the Nikkei index had fall 7% in a week. Three days after the earthquake, he was not stopped taking positions in the Nikkei index. Unfortunately, the loss that he had incurred was too large and cannot be hidden anymore. The huge amount of losses had made no exit for the Nick Leeson. There is nothing he can do to cover all the losses. He took an action by left his job and went to Malaysia two days before his 28th birthday. He left a note said, Im sorry. The total loss he made was $1.3 billion twice from the amount of capital the Barings had. Approximately 2,000 of Nick Leesons staff have lost their job. On the 26th February 1995, the Barings have been declared as bankrupt. THE AFTERMATH. After the collapse of Barings Bank, their liabilities had increase up to 827 million. The Barings Bank enables to pay all the liabilities which make them collapse on 26th February 1995. In 1995, the ING, one of the Dutch Bank have purchased the Barings Bank for the nominal sum of 1 along with assumption of all Barings liabilities. In 2001, the ING has sold the United States based operations to ABN Amro for $275 million and folded the rest of ING Barings into it European Banking division. Then, Barings Bank was split and sold by ING to MassMutual which give the right to use the name Barings Asset Management (BAM) and acquiring BAM investment management activities. Therefore, Barings Bank has no longer a separate corporate existence, although the Barings name still lived on as the MassMutual subsidiary Barings Asset Management. The ING also sold Barings Bank to Northern Trust will acquire BAMs financial services group. In 1995, Nick Leeson has realized that his operation have incurred losses, so he try to escape with his wife by flying to London from Malaysia. He was arrested in March while on a stop-over in Germany. The reason that he gave where he said had been holiday. Singapore court have sentenced him to six and a half years in prison but nick was released from a Changi prison in Singapore after serving three and a half years of a sentence for fraud. At Changi prison, he was diagnosed a cancer and recover, at the same time was divorced by his wife. After he has release from Changi prison in 1999, he wrote an autobiography which called Rogue Trader. In this autobiography, it covering the events that have been leading up to the collapse. After that, Film maker James Dearden has dramatized the book in the film Rogue Trader. Last but not least, Nick Leeson has released a new book in Jun 2005 entitled back from the brink: coping with stress. It is about continued the story of rogue trader and including in the depth conversation with psychologist Ivan Tyrrell asserting that the prolonged periods of severe stress that affected Leeson mental and physical health that occur in many other people lives. THE LESSON LEARNT. Barings bank collapse can be a worth lesson to everyone that seek the message behind the tragedy. There is much lesson that can be learned in this incident especially by superiors of an organization. In Barings bank, we can see that there is a poor supervision of employees especially on Nick Leeson when his activities of trading not have been monitored directly which they (Barings bank headquarter in London) only hears the end report made by Leeson. Thus it causes the bank to lose all its assets to cover the losses made by Leeson. Therefore, we know that in an organization there should be more strict rule to do trading and the superior should monitor directly all trading that been done by their subordinate. Besides that, the top management of Barings bank has lack of understanding about trading business; this made them to give full trust on Leeson. Thus, the upper line of every organization must have the knowledge and understanding about trading and business they involve with. So they may realize their subordinate (in this case Leeson) is trying to gamble using banks assets as his bet, instead of helping the bank to hedge banks assets value. Other than that, in Barings bank there is also a poor segregation of work. This can be seen where Leeson has been assigned to be incharge in both dealing desks and back office. In the first place, the bank should be more detail with their employees job specification and should diversify the job to avoid fraud in the work place. One person should be incharge in one job or maybe more, but the jobs must have no correlation that may lead to fraud. Last but not least, the lesson is the employee himself must be honest in doing their job. The employee shouldnt be selfish and greedy to get easy wealth, they should be more innovative in their field to receive promotion or start their own business to be rich and successful.

The Rise Of The Middle Class - 1012 Words

For decades now, our political and economic policy have been constructed around one idea: that if taxes on the rich go up, job creation will go down. This idea has been the backbone of Republican trickle-down Reagan-economics and has been scarcely challenged by Democrats. America’s economy as well as the global economy as a whole are facing extreme income inequality and this idea has only widened the gap. Our political system has been flooded with the money of the rich through lobbyists or super PACs, who then are the ones receiving the tax cuts and are garnering political favors by doing so, effectively moving us farther from a free and fair democracy, but rather towards oligarchy. The middle class has been fading away due to stagnating†¦show more content†¦Hanauer begins his argument by comparing the fallacy on hand to another fallacy we once believed, which turned out to be dead wrong: â€Å"For thousands of years people were sure that earth was at the center of t he universe. It’s not and an astronomer who still believed it was, would do some lousy astronomy.† In doing this, Hanauer seeks to bring out the â€Å"duh!† response out of people and relate it back to the argument at hand. The argument being that if a policy maker who believed that the rich and businesses are â€Å"job creators† and therefore should not be taxed, would make policy equally as lousy. Although he incites the emotional response in the reader he also backs it up with facts and his experience as one of the plutocrats. He cites his experience as well as,going into some basic economic theory: â€Å"I have started or helped start, dozens of business and initially hired lots of people. But if no one could have afforded to buy what we had to sell, my businesses would have all failed and all those jobs would have evaporated.† He uses this to pivot to his next point, which is the main point of the argument: â€Å"That’s why I can say wi th confidence that rich people don’t create jobs, nor do businesses, large or small.† He backs it up with his theory, which is a basic economic principle of demand when broken down: â€Å"What does lead to more employment is a ‘circle of life’ like feedback loop between customers and business.† Not only is it not the rich who create

Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot Claim Paper free essay sample

I recently read â€Å"Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot† by Robert Butler which is written in first person narrator form. Writing this story in first person narrator form makes this particular story very interesting and much better of a story, and keeps the reader very interested in the story. When Butler writes this story he sets the story up from the beginning when he recognizes his wife, this places the reader in a zone to try and figure out how exactly the story is going to play out. In the story Butler uses the parrot as the first person narrator in the story which turns out that the parrot was once the husband of the lady that buys, and takes home the parrot from the pet store. At the beginning of the story the parrot is sitting on his perch in the pet store cage and sees a lady come close to him, at that point he realizes that this lady was once his wife. The parrot says to himself in the story â€Å"Holy Shit, It’s you† (Butler) this is referring to looking at a lady that was once the parrots wife, before when the parrot was human. Butler goes on to describe in the story by first person narrator the parrot on how the wife is touching or petting him, the parrot is once again thinking to himself â€Å"For a moment I think she knows it’s me† (Butler) without Butler writing this story in the first person narrator form, he would not be able to take the reader into the parrots, or the once husbands thoughts, and be able to make the reader feel like they are inside the story and not a person from the outside looking into the story. The parrot starts thinking about his last day on earth as a man while he is playing with the toys in his cage; he looks back at that day relating to the toys in his cage now. In this flashback that he Has he gives the reader a picture of how the wife was, and how jealous he may have been when he was married as a man. He describes how when checking up on his wife, he fell from a tree, and if he was a parrot he could have just flown to safety, and not actually died. He explains how he was a very jealous husband, and that his wife gave him every reason for that jealousy, describing how his wife would talk about other guys at her work, their cars, etc. Now that he was brought home from the pet store the wife puts him in a large cage just down the hallway, but unable to see into her bedroom. He know gets even more jealous seeing strange men come and go, and noises coming from the bedroom of his once wife by the following excerpt from the tory. â€Å"My cage sits in the den. My pool table is gone and the cage is sitting in that space and if I come all the way down to one end of my perch I can see through the door and down the back hallway to the master bedroom. When she keeps the bedroom door open I can see the space at the front of the bed, but not the bed itself. That I can sense to the left, just out of sight. I watch the men go in and I hear the sounds but I can’t quite see. † (Butler) By Butler writing in the first person narrator form he makes the story much better because he is able to bring the reader into the story without having to continue to describe and explain the situation, instead he writes directly into the storyline making the reader understand where he is coming from. During the story he tells that he looks out the window when these strange men come into the house where he once lived as a human, before he was a parrot, he gazes outside at the beautiful Back yard and the weather that is just right there. There is a point where he actually tries to fly to this beautiful place, but once in flight he only remembers being in pain, and dizzy only to find out that he has flown into the glass of the sliding glass door that separates him, from the beautiful outside. He depicts that he knows that this can be very dangerous for a bird by saying â€Å"I remembered eventually about the glass, and I knew that I had been lucky, I knew that for the little fragile-boned skull I was doing all this thinking in- it meant death† (Butler) with this statement he knew that striking the glass could be death for him. During the remainder of the story while in his cage he gets irritated about the scores of different men that come to the house and disappear in the bedroom, with his wife to the point where he bashes around in the cage and screams during all this. At the end of the story he sees his wife naked and she comes to him in the cage and picks him up and starts talking to him, during this time he is just remembering how much he loved his wife and how jealous she made him on occasions with talking about all the other guys that she worked with, he also starts to realize if she is like this now that she was probably like this while he was a human, so once she puts him down on the cage she leaves the door open. He gazes at the beautiful day it is outside he says â€Å"And I spread my wings. I will fly now. Even though I know there is something between me and that place where I can be free of all these feelings, I will fly. I will throw myself there again and again† (Butler) Butler is describing in the first person narrator that the parrot has had enough and know that there is glass there, and knows that it could mean death but that what he wants to be free of all this jealousy. If Butler would have written this story in any other form than the first person narrator form, the story would not have kept the reader in the story, and would not have been able to help the reader actually visualize the story. Being written in this form did make this story a much better story.

Why did North Vietnam embrace Communism Essay Example

Why did North Vietnam embrace Communism? Essay The evolution of Vietnamese culture over the last 4 millennia had facilitated adoption of the concept of nation-state. The notion of a sovereign nation with its own identity had taken shape through these years. Hence, Vietnamese history is â€Å"the history of the constitution of the nation, with its clearly delineated territory, its own language, its specific culture, which needed to be protected against all external aggressions† (Nguyen 123). Although such traits do not lead to Communism as the form of government, it nevertheless leaves the field open for scientific political ideas to be applied. And Communism is one such ideology. Although invaded and occupied through the major part of its recent history, the Vietnamese managed to retain an identity that is uniquely theirs. The common threads that made this possible were the internal and foreign wars, coping with hostile natural elements, etc. During the onset of the 20th century, the country was much exploited and war ravaged. However, it was united and resolute. This proved the perfect climate for the Communist revolution that was to follow. And the conception by many historians that Vietnamese people did not possess a uniform social structure in order to form a national consciousness does not hold up. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did North Vietnam embrace Communism? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did North Vietnam embrace Communism? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did North Vietnam embrace Communism? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After being subject to foreign invaders from time immemorial, the peasant assumed the role of the defender of his land. This elevated him to a warrior. If we look at precedents for Communist revolutions – Russia and China, we can see the undeniable part the populous peasantry played. They, in short, act as the backbone of such revolutions. â€Å"The revolutionary tradition, finding its expression through the continual resurgence of agrarian revolts, has taken root deeply in the very structure of Vietnamese society, as the hardships of the peasants became increasingly acute while they were increasingly deprived of their rice fields. During their fights, the peasants have acquired the knowledge of revolutionary methods, of what should be done in a revolutionary situation, and they have handed down this knowledge from generation to generation. The same process of peasant revolts has repeated itself throughout the centuries, under different forms and different historical circumstances.†(Nguyen 127) Adding to such a political climate was China’s never ending hostility towards Vietnam. It is in the policy of every traditional ruler to resist the invaders indefatigably. This antagonism helped form a sense of community among the struggling peasants, who were later to turn revolutionary. That such a concept could persist even after 10 centuries of Chinese occupation is quite remarkable indeed. A comprehensive research project carried out by the Institute of Archaeology describes Vietnamese history as â€Å"a brilliant civilization in the basin of the Red River, which developed unceasingly during the whole Bronze Age and climaxed in the Dong-son culture in the last millennium BC† (Kelley 69). This evidence of an endogenous culture helps explain the originality of the Vietnamese culture and their resistance to foreign invasions. The early decades of the twentieth century were the most tumultuous in the political history of Vietnam. This was a period of introspection and transition. The exploitative nature of the imperial economic systems â€Å"gave birth to new social forces, while aggravating the situation of the rural masses.† (Kelley 70) This combination of extreme poverty and the tradition of resistant peasantry set forth the endeavors that addressed these imbalances. The decisive moment of the national movement came with the founding of the communist party in February 1930. The party was based on sound scientific theory that had the potential to guide the popular masses in their struggle for liberation in a systematic and organized manner. The communist party would eventually seize power fifteen years after its inception. The party’s central committee brought forward â€Å"Theses on Vietnamese Culture† in the year 1943. This policy statement called for â€Å"a new culture possessing exclusively nationalistic, scientific, and mass traits† (Nguyen 128). All subsequent activities were measured by the magnitude to which such qualities were stimulated. Thus, the foundations were laid for the impending socialist revolution. The document contained the intellectual and cultural policy of the party. â€Å"Vietnamese communism was therefore a product both of the development of the social movement of the workers and the peasants, and of the extension of the national movement. In contrast with the bourgeois parties confined in their powerlessness and their contradictions, the communist movement was the only one to understand that the independence of the country was inseparable from a social and political solution to the misery of the peasant and laboring masses, and to know how to mobilize the vital forces of the nation into the service of the movement of national liberation by linking clearly the land problem to the national question.† (Nguyen 129) Another critical event in the Vietnamese communist movement was the Geneva Conference of 1954, which led to the Peace Accords. Accordingly, Vietnam was divided into two, north and south of the 17th parallel. China and Russia accepted this compromise, because they were jolted by the Korean War and did not want another confrontation with the United States so soon. Ho Chi Minh, though suspicious of American intentions, signed the accord. Meanwhile, Minh’s popularity was growing across the divide. It was becoming clear to the United States that if an election was conducted, Ho Chi Minh would easily win and thereby establish Communism. For this reason the US refused to reunify the country and created the Republic of South Vietnam, with Ngo Dinh Diem as its head. In fact, Ngo Dinh Diem2 was selected for no other reason than that he was anti-communist. The United States’ intervention further deepened when it started providing aid to South Vietnam. Diem made unsuported claims that his government was attacked by the Communists and compelled the United States to intervene3. This further escalated the combat operations from both sides. The atrocities of the Diem regime coincided with the ascendancy of the communist movement headed by Ho Chi Minh (Ruane 17). The Vietnamese Communist movement and the enigmatic leader Ho Chi Minh were intricately linked. Born in a small village Kim Lien in Nghe An Province in May 1890, Ho was the son of a poor Scholar from a peasant background. Minh’s early education was about the classical Confucian tradition. When he was in his late teens, he worked as a teacher and then went to Saigon to take a course in navigation. On successful completion, he joined a French ship crew as a kitchen assistant. The ship traveled across continents and this gave Minh a broad perspective of the world. In 1919, he tried unsuccessfully to meet President Woodrow Wilson at the Versailles Peace Conference, so that he could present a proposal. During this period, Minh was particularly impressed by Marxist-Leninist literature and this led to his becoming a member of the French Communist Party. He also read, wrote, and spoke widely on the difficulties ailing Indochina. In 1925, he formed the Revolutionary Youth League in Gua ngzhou. Here, he was involved in training Vietnamese cadres in revolutionary techniques. He incorporated the ideas of such leaders as Marx, Lenin, Sun Yat-Sen and Gandhi in his instructions. He published Duong Cach Menh (The Revolutionary Path) in 1926, which is regarded by many as a masterpiece on revolutionary methods. Later on, he also formed the Communist Youth League (Thanh Nien Cong San Doan). The league’s main activity was the printing and distribution of the journal Thanh Nien. The publication brought â€Å"communist theory into the Vietnamese independence movement† (Brigham). Ho Chi Minh had to flee to Moscow after the 1927 coup by Chiang Kai-shek as it led to the suppression of Communists in south China. Subsequently in December of the same year the Vietnamese Nationalist Party4 was formed in Hanoi. This is another landmark event in the communist movement. Its activists were largely students, factory workers and soldiers. The party received financial aid from the Chinese Nationalist Party. The party adopted putschist-style activities to unsettle and topple the French. Various uprisings by these independent groups were promptly crushed by the imperialist forces. These groups also suffered due to poor preparation and communication. Most notably, the Yen Bai uprising was a complete disaster. This resulted in the execution of most of the top leaders. The villages harboring party workers were also shelled and destroyed. At the beginning of 1930, there were actually three communist parties in French Indochina, all competing for the same members. The formation of Indochinese Communist Party urged the rest of the Thanh Nien members to transform the Communist Youth League into a full-fledged party – the Annam Communist Party. The Tan Viet Party members made a similar change by renaming their group the Indochinese Communist League (Dong Duong Cong San Lien Doan). These developments concerned the Comintern, which â€Å"issued a highly critical indictment of the factionalism in the Vietnamese revolutionary movement and urged the Vietnamese to form a united communist party† (Suter 352). Later, the Comintern leadership sent a message to Ho Chi Minh, asking him to make endeavors in unifying all the groups. Minh’s first action was a speech he delivered to the delegates from various factions. This meeting culminated in the formation of the unified Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) or the Vie t Nam Cong San Dang. It was subsequently renamed Indochinese Communist Party, thus reclaiming the name of the first party of that name founded in 1929. Various community based organizations like unions, peasants’ associations, women’s associations, etc were to be organized under the banner of the new party. â€Å"Minh drew up a program of party objectives, which were approved by the conference. The main points included overthrow of the French; establishment of Vietnamese independence; establishment of a workers’, peasants’, and soldiers’ government; organization of a workers’ militia; cancellation of public debts; confiscation of means of production and their transfer to the proletarian government; distribution of French-owned lands to the peasants; suppression of taxes; establishment of an eight-hour work day; development of crafts and agriculture; institution of freedom of organization; and establishment of education for all.† (Suter 354) The founding of the Indochinese Communist Party came at a crucial phase in the country’s history. It coincided with the declining economic conditions and general civil unrest. Factory workers were going on strikes and wages were falling sharply. Due to the economic depression around the world rice exports came to a grinding halt. Of all those who suffered these conditions, the peasants were the most unfortunate. Adding to their woes were famines, floods and riots. In such an atmosphere the Communist ideology was perceived as a blessing. It brought hope amid all pervading gloom. The protracted U.S. led Vietnam War only consolidated the resolve of the Communist groups and further alienated the masses from the Diem regime. And when the United States finally withdrew its forces, it had already suffered heavy losses, human and economic. After the war, Vietnam became a Socialist Republic embracing Communism. Works Cited: Ambrose, Stephen E. â€Å"Trapped by Success: The Eisenhower Administration and Vietnam, 1953-61.† Foreign Affairs 72.n4 (Sept-Oct 1993): 160(2). Brigham, Robert K. â€Å"BattleField Vietnam: A Brief History.† Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved: 9th March 2006. â€Å"Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Movement.† U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved: 7th March 2006 Kelley, Liam. â€Å"Vietnam as a ‘domain of manifest civility’ (Van Hien chi Bang).† Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34.1 (Feb 2003): 63(14). Nguyen The Anh. â€Å"Historical research in Vietnam: a tentative survey.† Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26.n1 (March 1995): 121(12). Ruane, Kevin. â€Å"The USA in Asia Vietnam: America’s allies kept out and President Johnson wanted to concentrate on reform at home. So why did America let itself get sucked into an agonising war it could not win?.† Modern History Review 14.4 (April 2003): 13(4). Suter, Keith. â€Å"Vietnam: yesterday, today and tomorrow.† Contemporary Review 286.1673 (June 2005): 351(6). The evolution of Vietnamese culture over the last 4 millennia had facilitated adoption of the concept of nation-state. The notion of a sovereign nation with its own identity had taken shape through these years. Hence, Vietnamese history is â€Å"the history of the constitution of the nation, with its clearly delineated territory, its own language, its specific culture, which needed to be protected against all external aggressions† (Nguyen 123). Although such traits do not lead to Communism as the form of government, it nevertheless leaves the field open for scientific political ideas to be applied. And Communism is one such ideology. Although invaded and occupied through the major part of its recent history, the Vietnamese managed to retain an identity that is uniquely theirs. The common threads that made this possible were the internal and foreign wars, coping with hostile natural elements, etc. During the onset of the 20th century, the country was much exploited and war .